Currently its Maxergy version 3 . Which is much more simplified then previous versions: Since we have been able to show that all materials are renewable, and the speed of cycling and impact can be related to either a land and sun relation over time, or a land and geological process over time, its now a straight forward calculation: All is expressed in ha-year, the land receiving solar radiation over time from outside the system, being the ‘space-time’ required to restore or regrow resources.

The basics for this and the methodology are extensively described in the paper ( here: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012125 ) and more in detail the English book : see right column .

Dubbel gebruik van land voor metalen oogst?

In the calculations I distinguish between two entries: the input and the output side.

On the input side are all basic resources, which all have a space-time factor: either globally, or locally.(see below)

On the output side are the activities by humans, which have put a claim on resources and therefor on space time, to execute the activities.

However: overall space-time is limited available, it can be used only once in the same period. There is a yearly Earth-bound budget in space time, that provides the maximum available amount of resources to extract, to stay in balance with the physical system, to maintain the quality levels. Which can and has to be shared by all inhabitants, limiting each persons yearly resource budget. ( ‘resource land Bubble’) .

As such the aim is to calculate on the input side how much is available per resource via the ha-year land routes , as input to be able to calculate on the output side how much land is involved with activities by people, including processing and using energy and resources. On the output side we will refer to this as ‘Embodied Land’.

Double use?

In principle all land is only available once in a period, and for all sources that land use counts. However, for flowing or streaming sources, which are in fact already at a low exergetic level, such as sediments and water and wind, the source itself can be extracted without this being at the expense of land for the other sources. Water as drinking water flows along via river, and when not used, it flows on to become unusable by itself, to end in the ocean and become undrinkable. ( unless a lot of energyland input) In the ocean starts a new cycle of evaporation, rain and flows. Of course everything that is needed to harvest and process the resource does count as direct land use*.

In other words summarized as:

For all materials its possible to calculate a yield per hectare per year. Including inorganic resources, minerals and metal. Since all is ultimately depending on :

A: The capturing of Solar energy in some form, as the only source from outside the Earth System, and the interactions are via land in a given time frame, or

B: tectonic and volcanic movements that creates or deposits concentrated supplies of stocks, averaged over the Earth surface , again per hectare per year

C: The filtering and yielding of more dispersed molecules, for instance from streaming flows like oceans or rivers , can be averaged to a certain concentration per hectare of the flow area.

On top of that: to yield B and C , requires energy which has to come from A, from solar energy from outside the system (see below)

* which incredibly little., see table under data

some resources are naturally grown yield, but their yield can be increased to a certain level per hectare by humans, in farming. Others are subject to a autonomous process, mankind has no influence on that, mainly metals and minerals. Therefor:

1 autonomous average for several resources , mainly streaming resources and inorganic resources These have a more or less fixed global average and potential.

2 organic resources: Where land is actively used for specific resources that are grown or cultivated: these have a local average yield per hectare, and total depend on how many hectares are dedicated to a resource.

1 contains among others metals, loam, rock, lime, can also be wood, from existing forests or bamboo and some minerals gypsum, shells. A global average means that there is a fixed autunomous maximum yield over the total globe available, recalculated in yield per global hectare-year .

The source can be local autonomous, but the total can be averaged over all land.

(some data in the data section are not yet global averages, since only one location has been calculated. But with more research the global max can be calculated.

2 contains everything that is grown or cultivated , that is influenced by mankind.

like wool, cork, fibers, food, etc

Which has a more or less fixed output per hectare, but not a total fixed yield a year since the amount of hectares can fluctuate. ( besides other influences like weather etc)

So there is possible

1a global average ,

1b local average , but with more research can become a global average.

2 a local average , but fixed per hectare, and depending total hectares in use

Energy

energy input in output processes is calculated as coming from solar energy. There are many routes possible, to go from solar radiation to fuel or electricity, In general we start using biomass as main means to capture and store energy. wood/trees for instance, as has been the case also until the industrial revolution, or via growing rapeseed, which can produce upto 1400 liter of oil fuel per hectare. It is however needed to explore more routes, creative ways to have the most effective or shortest routes available for each application, that is with the least space time. See also under research questions nr1. 0

(even fossil energy can be a route, which originally is solar energy, but only if calculated in its real effectivity: in yield per hectare per year , over those millions of years. See the paper for a calculation)

as an example: shells

in the Wadden Sea, North of the Netherlands, about 300 kg/ha-year of shells can be harvested. So that is not a global average, that is only in the Wadden Sea. Or perhaps another estuary somewhere in the world. But that is what 1 ha can produce maximally renewable, sustainable under good local conditions. But at the same time within a maximum number of hectares, in this case the Wadden Sea. You can of course divide the total Wadden Sea yield (2400 km2) by Dutch surface: and then you get 21 kg/ha-year averaged for the whole of the Netherlands. You can also look what is then available per inhabitant in the Netherlands, that is 4 kg per year. For every Dutch person.

However, Belgians have no use for that. They have no such area to harvest. To calculate the averge available globally, the yield per world citizen, you would still have to calculate the yield worldwide, from all areas where shells grow and regenerate naturally. That is follow-up research. The figure now found for the Wadden is nevertheless useful as a maximum harvest per hectare, also for elsewhere in the world. As long as it has not been demonstrated that it can be more, in a natural way, this is a maximum per hectare of shell area. So if someone uses shells, he can still calculate how much land he claims by that, and whether that fits in with his personal budget, for example.

Incidentally, shells can also be cultivated, see under seaweed document, and then the yield per hectare is even greater. However, we still use the autonomous Wadden yield as a maximum, because cultivation by humans involves much more second and third order impact. The average to be harvested naturally is the general Wadden average: 300 kg/ha-year.

More on definitions, concepts, nomenclature, here : (excuse its in Dutch, I hope to translate it soon)

• Note: A more extensive discussion of the issue of double use can be found in this document here XXX: